Agar.io is where the entire .io genre came from. Matheus Valadares released it in 2015: you're a circular cell on a petri dish, you eat pellets and smaller players to grow, and anything meaningfully bigger than you can eat you. That's it, and it was one of the biggest games in the world within a month.
The depth is in splitting. Pressing space divides your cell in two and launches half forward, which is how you catch someone faster than you — at the cost of being smaller and more vulnerable until the pieces merge back. Every fight is a judgement about whether the split is worth it.
Press space. Your cell divides and half of it launches in the direction of your cursor, which is how you catch a smaller player who is outrunning you. The halves merge back after a while.
Viruses. A large cell that touches one explodes into many small pieces, so they're deadly for big players and a hiding place for small ones.
It created the .io genre in 2015 — instant browser multiplayer with no account, one mechanic and a leaderboard. Every game with .io in the name is descended from it.